Wong W B, Haynes R J
Children's Rehabilitative Services, Phoenix, Arizona.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994 Jul 1;19(13):1451-4. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199407000-00005.
Computed tomography scans of the heads of 48 normal children were measured for skull thickness in areas of routine halo pin placement. The thickest and thinnest areas were noted.
The head computed tomography scans were measured to identify consistently thin areas in the pediatric skull that should be avoided when pins are placed.
Complications of halo pin placement in children are common, including loosening and dislodgment, infection and penetration.
Normal head computed tomography scans of 48 normal children, 10 years old and under, were divided into four age groups. Total skull thickness was measured in five areas at the level of halo insertion.
There was a trend toward increasing skull thickness with age. There was a large variation in skull thickness at each area within and between age groups. None of the standard pin sites was consistently thicker. Even up to 10 years of age, the average thinnest area was only 1.9 mm.
There is no "safe area" for halo pin placement in the pediatric skull. Limited preoperative head computed tomography scans are recommended to determine safe areas for pin placement.
对48名正常儿童的头部进行计算机断层扫描，测量常规头环针放置区域的颅骨厚度。记录最厚和最薄的区域。
测量头部计算机断层扫描，以确定小儿颅骨中在放置头环针时应避开的持续变薄区域。
儿童头环针放置的并发症很常见，包括松动、移位、感染和穿透。
将48名10岁及以下正常儿童的正常头部计算机断层扫描分为四个年龄组。在头环插入水平的五个区域测量总颅骨厚度。
颅骨厚度有随年龄增加的趋势。各年龄组内及组间每个区域的颅骨厚度差异很大。没有一个标准的头环针放置部位始终更厚。即使到10岁，平均最薄区域也只有1.9毫米。
小儿颅骨中没有头环针放置的“安全区域”。建议进行有限的术前头部计算机断层扫描以确定头环针放置的安全区域。
