Rawlings C E, Rossitch E
Forsyth Neurosurgical Associates, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.
Surg Neurol. 1994 Sep;42(3):272-5. doi: 10.1016/0090-3019(94)90276-3.
Franz Josef Gall, born in 1758, studied medicine in Strasbourg and Vienna and focused his research in two areas. His most notorious research was in craniofacial morphology that gradually evolved into the pseudoscience of phrenology. His second research area was neuroanatomy. Although Gall is usually best remembered for his inglorious introduction of phrenology, his neuroanatomic contributions have more lasting significance. In this vignette we explore Gall's neuroanatomic contributions especially as they relate to brain stem anatomy. By means of blunt dissection he was the first to describe the origins of several cranial nerves, including the trigeminal nucleus. It will be apparent that Gall--his dubious introduction of phrenology notwithstanding--was a pioneer in the description of brain stem anatomy.
弗朗茨·约瑟夫·加尔于1758年出生，在斯特拉斯堡和维也纳学习医学，并将研究重点集中在两个领域。他最声名狼藉的研究是颅面形态学，该研究逐渐演变成了颅相学这一伪科学。他的第二个研究领域是神经解剖学。尽管加尔通常因他对颅相学的声名狼藉的引入而最为人所知，但他在神经解剖学方面的贡献具有更持久的意义。在本短文里，我们将探讨加尔在神经解剖学方面的贡献，特别是与脑干解剖学相关的贡献。通过钝性解剖，他是第一个描述包括三叉神经核在内的几条颅神经起源的人。很明显，尽管加尔引入了声名狼藉的颅相学，但他仍是脑干解剖学描述的先驱。
