Plowman M C, Grbac-Ivankovic S, Martin J, Hopfer S M, Sunderman F W
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington 06030-2225.
Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1994;14(3):135-44. doi: 10.1002/tcm.1770140305.
This study was performed to determine whether malformations induced in Xenopus laevis embryos by exposures to divalent nickel, cobalt, or cadmium chlorides in FETAX assays persist after the tadpoles undergo metamorphosis to juvenile frogs. Embryos were exposed for four days to EC50 concentrations of Ni2+, Co2+, or Cd2+ under the standard conditions of FETAX assays; thereafter, the exposures were discontinued and the tadpoles were kept in aquaria through metamorphosis. Controls were treated similarly, without exposure to metals. At 13 weeks of age, surviving frogs were killed and examined for malformations. Control and metal-exposed groups of Xenopus did not differ significantly in their median ages at metamorphosis, mean body weights, or survival at 13 weeks. Overall incidences of malformations found in Ni(2+)-, Co(2+)-, or Cd(2+)-exposed frogs at 13 weeks of age were 55, 40, and 51%, respectively (P < 0.01 vs. 3% in controls). The malformations of metal-exposed frogs included retinal depigmentation, diastematomyelia, scoliosis, kyphosis, phocomelia, sacro-pelvic and hind-limb deformities, and dysplasia of the heart, kidney, ovary and gut.
本研究旨在确定在FETAX试验中，非洲爪蟾胚胎暴露于二价镍、钴或氯化镉所诱发的畸形在蝌蚪变态为幼蛙后是否依然存在。在FETAX试验的标准条件下，将胚胎暴露于EC50浓度的Ni2+、Co2+或Cd2+中4天；此后，停止暴露，蝌蚪在水族箱中饲养直至变态。对照组进行同样处理，但不接触金属。在13周龄时，将存活的青蛙处死并检查是否存在畸形。非洲爪蟾对照组和接触金属组在变态时的中位年龄、平均体重或13周时的存活率方面无显著差异。在13周龄时，暴露于Ni(2+)、Co(2+)或Cd(2+)的青蛙中畸形的总体发生率分别为55%、40%和51%（与对照组的3%相比，P < 0.01）。接触金属的青蛙的畸形包括视网膜色素脱失、脊髓纵裂、脊柱侧凸、脊柱后凸、短肢畸形、骶骨盆和后肢畸形，以及心脏、肾脏、卵巢和肠道发育异常。
