Norlin R, Hoe-Hansen C, Oquist G, Hildebrand C
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Sweden.
Anat Rec. 1994 Jul;239(3):332-42. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092390311.
The pathophysiology of chronic supraspinatus tendinitis is not fully understood. This may be due to the scarcity of experimental studies on this issue.
In search for a system suitable for experimental analysis, the present study describes the relevant gross anatomy of the rat shoulder region (dissection), and examines the fiber composition of relevant supra-scapular nerve branches (electron microscopy, selective denervations).
The rat shoulder region is similar to the human shoulder in terms of gross anatomy. The average suprascapular nerve (SSC) is derived mainly from the spinal cord segment C5 and contains 3,435 axons, 74% of which are unmyelinated. The supraspinatus branch (SSP) contains 627 fibers. Of the SSP fibers, 52% are myelinated, including 32% motor and 20% sensory axons. Of the C-fibers in the SSP 16% are sympathetic efferents and 32% are sensory. Many of the latter disappear after neonatal capsaicin treatment. The SSC emits a subacromial articular branch (ART), with some 260 axons, about 90% of which are unmyelinated. The myelinated ART fibers are sensory, and of the unmyelinated ones about 24% are sympathetic efferents and 66% are afferents. The latter resist neonatal capsaicin treatment.
In view of the anatomy of the supraspinatus muscle, of the subacromial space, and of relevant nerves, the rat shoulder should be appropriate for experimental studies on inflammatory conditions in the subacromial space.
慢性冈上肌腱炎的病理生理学尚未完全明确。这可能是由于针对该问题的实验研究较少。
为寻找适合进行实验分析的系统，本研究描述了大鼠肩部区域的相关大体解剖结构（解剖），并检查了相关肩胛上神经分支的纤维组成（电子显微镜检查、选择性去神经支配）。
大鼠肩部区域在大体解剖结构上与人类肩部相似。平均肩胛上神经（SSC）主要源自脊髓节段C5，包含3435条轴突，其中74%为无髓鞘轴突。冈上肌分支（SSP）包含627条纤维。在SSP纤维中，52%为有髓鞘纤维，其中32%为运动轴突，20%为感觉轴突。在SSP的C类纤维中，16%为交感传出纤维，32%为感觉纤维。后者在新生大鼠辣椒素处理后许多会消失。SSC发出肩峰下关节支（ART），约有260条轴突，其中约90%为无髓鞘轴突。有髓鞘的ART纤维为感觉纤维，在无髓鞘纤维中，约24%为交感传出纤维，66%为传入纤维。后者对新生大鼠辣椒素处理有抵抗作用。
鉴于冈上肌、肩峰下间隙及相关神经的解剖结构，大鼠肩部应适合用于肩峰下间隙炎症性疾病的实验研究。
