Hort W
Pathologisches Institut, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, FRG.
Basic Res Cardiol. 1994;89 Suppl 1:1-15. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-85660-0_1.
In a brief historical review the contributions of Rokitansky, Virchow, and Langhans concerning the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and the histogenetic puzzle of intimal cells classification are described. Then, some unresolved problems are discussed, especially the localization and distribution of arteriosclerotic plaques, the shape of endothelial cells and the orientation of their nuclei in correlation to local hemodynamic stress under normal and pathologic conditions. Some differences between experimental arteriosclerosis and arteriosclerosis in humans are illustrated by examples. The key role of the endothelium in the development of arteriosclerosis is well founded. According to recent investigations some cells on the surface of human arteriosclerotic plaques appear to be of non-endothelial origin. Arteriosclerosis seems to be a systemic disorder with multiorgan involvement. Individual cases, however, show significant differences in the distribution and extent of lesions. Today, arteriosclerotic research is focused on arteries being most important in clinical investigations. Nevertheless, there are also other arteries with severe arteriosclerotic lesions; for example, the degree of arteriosclerosis in periprostatic arteries is more pronounced than in coronary artery branches of the same size. Finally, the importance of primary prevention of arteriosclerosis is emphasized.
在简短的历史回顾中，描述了罗基坦斯基、魏尔啸和朗汉斯对动脉硬化发病机制及内膜细胞分类组织发生难题的贡献。然后，讨论了一些未解决的问题，特别是动脉硬化斑块的定位和分布、内皮细胞的形状及其细胞核在正常和病理条件下与局部血流动力学应力相关的取向。通过实例说明了实验性动脉硬化与人类动脉硬化之间的一些差异。内皮在动脉硬化发展中的关键作用是有充分依据的。根据最近的研究，人类动脉硬化斑块表面的一些细胞似乎并非内皮起源。动脉硬化似乎是一种累及多器官的全身性疾病。然而，个别病例在病变的分布和程度上存在显著差异。如今，动脉硬化研究集中在临床研究中最重要的动脉上。尽管如此，也有其他动脉存在严重的动脉硬化病变；例如，前列腺周围动脉的动脉硬化程度比相同大小的冠状动脉分支更为明显。最后，强调了动脉硬化一级预防的重要性。
