Kortstee G J, Appeldoorn K J, Bonting C F, van Niel E W, van Veen H W
Department of Microbiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1994 Oct;15(2-3):137-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00131.x.
Recent research on the process of biological phosphorus removal in lab-scale treatment systems has indicated that: (i) the development of an actively polyP-accumulating bacterial community after the introduction of an anaerobic period may take at least 4 months; (ii) up to 80% of all aerobic bacteria isolated from these communities are able to accumulate polyP; (iii) polyP synthesized by the bacterial communities of lab-scale treatment systems is probably mainly low polymeric, not exceeding 20 P-residues, and this polyP is rapidly degraded during the anaerobic period; (iv) the enzymatic hydrolysis of polyP under anaerobic conditions is accompanied by PHB formation from exogenous acetate, reducing equivalents are provided by the degradation of carbohydrates; and (v) nitric oxide inhibits the release of phosphate under anaerobic conditions in Renpho and F&D sludges. Bacteria belonging to the genus Acinetobacter occur in a wide variety of activated sludges in which enhanced biological phosphate removal is observed. A. johnsonii 210A was studied in detail with respect to the elemental composition of polyP granules, the enzymatic synthesis and degradation of polyP, the regulation of polyP metabolism, and the transport of phosphate. A. johnsonii 210A reflects activated sludge in a number of ways as far as polyP metabolism is concerned but its polyP is highly polymeric and the phosphate efflux rate under anaerobic conditions is relatively low and not increased by exogenous acetate. In addition to Acinetobacter, other polyP-accumulating microorganisms may be involved in biological phosphorus removal. The isolation of polyP-accumulating denitrifying bacteria may well have interesting implications for a new process design in wastewater treatment systems. Further studies on the enzymes involved in polyP biosynthesis and on the uptake and efflux systems of phosphate, potassium, magnesium and lower fatty acids in pure cultures will enlarge our insight in the energetics of the metabolism of polyP. In addition, the regulation of the metabolism of polyP-accumulating organisms needs to be studied in more detail.
（i）引入厌氧期后，活跃的聚磷积累细菌群落的形成可能至少需要4个月；（ii）从这些群落中分离出的所有好氧细菌中，高达80%能够积累聚磷；（iii）实验室规模处理系统的细菌群落合成的聚磷可能主要是低聚物，不超过20个磷残基，并且这种聚磷在厌氧期会迅速降解；（iv）厌氧条件下聚磷的酶促水解伴随着由外源乙酸盐形成聚-β-羟基丁酸酯（PHB），碳水化合物的降解提供还原当量；以及（v）一氧化氮在厌氧条件下抑制Renpho和F&D污泥中磷酸盐的释放。不动杆菌属细菌存在于多种观察到生物除磷增强的活性污泥中。针对聚磷颗粒的元素组成、聚磷的酶促合成与降解、聚磷代谢的调节以及磷酸盐的运输，对琼氏不动杆菌210A进行了详细研究。就聚磷代谢而言，琼氏不动杆菌210A在许多方面反映了活性污泥，但它的聚磷是高度聚合的，并且厌氧条件下的磷酸盐外排速率相对较低，且不会因外源乙酸盐而增加。除不动杆菌外，其他聚磷积累微生物可能也参与生物除磷。聚磷积累反硝化细菌的分离可能对废水处理系统的新工艺设计具有有趣的意义。对纯培养物中参与聚磷生物合成的酶以及磷酸盐、钾、镁和低级脂肪酸的摄取与外排系统进行进一步研究，将扩大我们对聚磷代谢能量学的认识。此外，需要更详细地研究聚磷积累生物体代谢的调节。
