Dubin S, Nissanov J, Zietz S, Schrope B, Naim A, Morano R, Hanania R
Biomedical Engineering and Science Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Biomed Sci Instrum. 1994;30:225-32.
Measurement of body fat percentage is essential for medical care and research. The "gold standard" method for humans is underwater weighing, which is clearly inappropriate for infants, sick people and non-human animals. The corresponding criterion method for animals is comminution of the carcass followed by extraction of the fat with a volatile solvent such as ether. Our goal has been to develop a method for body composition (fat percentage) for use in animals and humans which is non-invasive and minimally intrusive, independent of variation in body conformation and fat distribution, and reasonable in cost. In one variant, our approach to this problem has been to move Archimedes' principle "on to dry land." The subject's volume is determined by measuring the differential buoyancy in comfortably breathable light (low density) and heavy atmospheres. In another, we use "structured light," in which a pattern of illumination is cast on the patient. The image is acquired using a video camera and the geometrical spatial coordinates of a large number of points on the surface of the subject are acquired. This permits the computation of the surface area and volume of the subject; which, combined with the weight, determines the fat percentage.
测量体脂百分比对医疗护理和研究至关重要。人体的“金标准”方法是水下称重，但这显然不适用于婴儿、病人和非人类动物。动物的相应标准方法是将尸体粉碎，然后用挥发性溶剂（如乙醚）提取脂肪。我们的目标是开发一种用于动物和人类的身体成分（脂肪百分比）测量方法，该方法是非侵入性的且侵入性最小，不受身体形态和脂肪分布变化的影响，并且成本合理。在一个变体中，我们解决这个问题的方法是将阿基米德原理“搬到陆地上”。通过测量在舒适可呼吸的轻（低密度）和重气氛中的浮力差来确定受试者的体积。在另一种方法中，我们使用“结构光”，其中将照明图案投射到患者身上。使用摄像机获取图像，并获取受试者表面大量点的几何空间坐标。这允许计算受试者的表面积和体积；将其与体重相结合，即可确定脂肪百分比。
