Sigurdsson J F, Gudjonsson G H
National Prison and Probation Administration, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Addiction. 1994 Aug;89(8):985-97. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03358.x.
This study investigates the effects of alcohol, drug intoxication and withdrawal symptoms on the mental state of criminal suspects and the nature of their confession. A total of 359 sentenced prisoners were approached on admission and 96% agreed to participate in the study. They completed a specially designed Confession Questionnaire, which asked them questions about their reasons for confessing to the police, their attitude towards their confession, their mental state at the time of the confession and the extent to which they had been under the influence of alcohol and drug intoxication at the time of crime and police interview. The confession rate for the sample was very high (92%), with serious traffic violators having the highest confession rate (95%) and sex offenders the lowest (83%). The findings illustrate that the "perception of proof", "internal need to confess" and "external pressure" are the main reasons why suspects confess. However, subjects were identified who had experienced a typical "prisoner's dilemma" phenomenon during the police interview because of a co-defendant. Alcohol and drug intoxication was very commonly reported both at the time of the offence and the police interview, but these were related to the nature of their offence. Although intoxication and withdrawal symptoms did not appear to seriously impair their coping during the police interview it was consistently reported as having made them confused.
本研究调查了酒精、药物中毒及戒断症状对犯罪嫌疑人心理状态及其供述性质的影响。共有359名被判刑的囚犯在入狱时被接触，其中96%同意参与研究。他们完成了一份专门设计的供述问卷，问卷询问了他们向警方供述的原因、对自己供述的态度、供述时的心理状态以及他们在犯罪和接受警方讯问时受酒精和药物中毒影响的程度。样本的供述率非常高（92%），严重交通违法者的供述率最高（95%），性犯罪者最低（83%）。研究结果表明，“对证据的认知”、“内心的供述需求”和“外部压力”是嫌疑人供述的主要原因。然而，发现有一些受试者在警方讯问期间因同案被告而经历了典型的“囚徒困境”现象。在犯罪时和接受警方讯问时，酒精和药物中毒的情况都很常见，但这些与他们所犯罪行的性质有关。虽然中毒和戒断症状似乎并未严重妨碍他们在警方讯问期间的应对能力，但他们一致表示这些症状让他们感到困惑。
