旧金山及美国西部的骨科历史。

Mandell P, Raih T, Taylor L W

West J Med. 1976 Dec;125(6):502-8.

The unique development of early medical specialization in the West can be traced to California's geography and economic development. Such early specialization produced men with orthopedic inclinations. Early orthopedists founded the first medical school and the first modern teaching hospital, helped to found Stanford's Lane Medical Library and made the first use of x-rays in the West. In addition many of these orthopedists were prominent in the political and social activities of the time.

西方早期医学专业化的独特发展可以追溯到加利福尼亚的地理和经济发展。这种早期专业化造就了一批有骨科倾向的人。早期的骨科医生创办了第一所医学院和第一所现代教学医院，协助创办了斯坦福大学的莱恩医学图书馆，并在西方首次使用了X射线。此外，这些骨科医生中有许多人在当时的政治和社会活动中也很突出。