Morin P A, Wallis J, Moore J J, Woodruff D S
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis 95616.
Mol Ecol. 1994 Oct;3(5):469-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.1994.tb00125.x.
We report the use of hypervariable simple sequence repeat (SSR) nuclear loci to study paternity in a community of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. All 43 living members of a habituated community were sampled and 35 were genotyped at 8 SSR loci using DNA amplified from hair. Paternity exclusions were performed for 25 chimpanzees including 10 for whom the mother was also genotyped. In each case 12-20 males were potential fathers based on their age and/or direct observation of sexual behaviour. 179 tests involving potential father/offspring combinations were performed. In four cases the data permit the probable identification of the previously undetermined father; these are the first such determinations for free-ranging chimpanzees, and the first based on non-invasive sampling. In another four cases we were able to exclude all but two to five potential fathers, and in the remaining cases we were able to exclude all living males. For molecular ecologists SSR genotype databases offer important advantages over currently popular minisatellite DNA finger-printing: they can be analysed unequivocally using traditional population genetics techniques and they can be expanded through time and space by other researchers.
我们报告了利用高变简单序列重复（SSR）核基因座来研究坦桑尼亚贡贝国家公园一个野生黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii）群落中的亲子关系。对一个习惯化群落的所有43名现存成员进行了采样，并使用从毛发中扩增出的DNA对其中35只在8个SSR基因座上进行了基因分型。对25只黑猩猩进行了亲权排除，其中10只的母亲也进行了基因分型。在每一个案例中，根据年龄和/或对性行为的直接观察，有12 - 20只雄性为潜在父亲。共进行了179次涉及潜在父亲/后代组合的测试。在4个案例中，数据使得有可能确定之前未知的父亲；这是对自由放养黑猩猩的首次此类确定，也是首次基于非侵入性采样的确定。在另外4个案例中，我们能够排除除两到五只潜在父亲之外的所有个体，在其余案例中，我们能够排除所有现存雄性。对于分子生态学家来说，SSR基因型数据库相对于目前流行的小卫星DNA指纹图谱具有重要优势：它们可以使用传统群体遗传学技术进行明确分析，并且其他研究人员可以在时间和空间上对其进行扩展。
