De Laey J J
Departement of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ghent.
Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 1993;249:11-22.
This survey describes a number of fundus conditions characterized by flecks in the retina. The term "flecked retina" was introduced by Krill and Klien to describe fundus conditions characterized by multiple yellowish-white lesions of various size and configuration, without vascular or optic nerve abnormalities. Originally this group consisted of four diseases: fundus albipunctatus, fundus flavimaculatus, familial drusen and fleck retina of Kandori. However, far more diseases correspond to the rather vague definition, including primary hereditary ocular diseases such as retinitis punctata albescens or Bietti's crystalline dystrophy, neuro-ophthalmologic syndromes such as Kjellin's syndrome, secundary retinal flecks due to metabolic disorders such as Alport's syndrome, cystinosis, oxalosis or membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis, iatrogenic retinopathy due to Tamoxifen or Canthaxanthin and carential diseases such as vitamin A deficiency. The precise diagnosis is not only based on the close observation of the fundus, but demands often extensive psychophysical examination of the patient and sometimes of his family.
本调查描述了一些以视网膜斑点为特征的眼底疾病。“斑点状视网膜”一词由克里尔和克莱因提出，用于描述以大小和形态各异的多个黄白色病变为特征的眼底疾病，且无血管或视神经异常。最初，这一组包括四种疾病：白点状眼底、黄斑状眼底、家族性玻璃膜疣和坎多里斑点状视网膜。然而，有更多疾病符合这一相当模糊的定义，包括原发性遗传性眼病，如点状视网膜白化病或比埃蒂结晶状营养不良，神经眼科综合征，如凯尔林综合征，由代谢紊乱引起的继发性视网膜斑点，如阿尔波特综合征、胱氨酸病、草酸盐沉着症或膜增生性肾小球肾炎，由他莫昔芬或角黄素引起的医源性视网膜病变，以及营养缺乏性疾病，如维生素A缺乏症。准确的诊断不仅基于对眼底的密切观察，还常常需要对患者及其家属进行广泛的心理物理学检查。
