Weindling P
Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.
Disasters. 1994 Sep;18(3):203-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00307.x.
The transformation of the ethos of children's relief organisations from sentimentalism into science was reflected in the rise of nutritional science, eugenics, child psychology and child guidance. A related transition occurred in the organisational forms of child welfare organisations: with the rise of welfare states, government organisations took an increasing role. Internationally there was a move to expand the scope of charities relieving children in distress to broader strategies promoting child welfare. In this paper I consider these shifts in the case of international measures to relieve child starvation and to promote child welfare between the First and Second World Wars. I examine how health organisations had to move away from relief work and establish programmes seeking to relate the developing scientific understanding of nutrition to a range of factors affecting health.
儿童救助组织的理念从感伤主义向科学的转变，体现在营养科学、优生学、儿童心理学和儿童指导的兴起上。儿童福利组织的组织形式也发生了相关转变：随着福利国家的兴起，政府组织发挥着越来越重要的作用。在国际上，有一种趋势是将救助贫困儿童的慈善范围扩大到促进儿童福利的更广泛战略。在本文中，我将以第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间国际上缓解儿童饥饿和促进儿童福利的措施为例，探讨这些转变。我研究了卫生组织如何不得不从救济工作中抽身，转而制定各种计划，试图将对营养的科学认识与一系列影响健康的因素联系起来。
