Andruski J E, Blumstein S E, Burton M
Department of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.
Cognition. 1994 Sep;52(3):163-87. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90042-6.
This study investigated whether lexical access is affected by inherent acoustic variations that contribute to the identity of a phonetic feature and ultimately a phonetic segment. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the magnitude of semantic (associative) priming in a lexical decision task is influenced when the acoustic manifestation of the initial voiceless stop consonant (specifically, voice onset time) of a prime word semantically related to a lexical decision target was systematically manipulated (e.g., prime: "king"; target: "queen"). Results showed no effect of the acoustic manipulations at the longer interstimulus interval (250 ms); however, at the shorter interstimulus interval (50 ms), the magnitude of semantic facilitation decreased as a function of the voice onset time manipulations. In addition, there was a tendency toward slower lexical decision latencies when the prime word had a real word voiced counterpart than when it did not. These results suggest that activation levels of words in the lexicon are graded, depending on the subphonetic shape of the input word. Results also suggest that words which are phonologically similar to the intended word candidate are activated to some extent, whether the input provides a relatively poor phonetic representation of the intended word or a good one.
本研究调查了词汇通达是否会受到内在声学变化的影响，这些变化有助于语音特征乃至音段的识别。进行了两项实验，以确定当与词汇判断目标语义相关的启动词的初始清塞音的声学表现（具体而言，是语音起始时间）被系统地操纵时（例如，启动词：“king”；目标词：“queen”），词汇判断任务中语义（联想）启动的程度是否会受到影响。结果显示，在较长的刺激间隔（250毫秒）下，声学操纵没有产生影响；然而，在较短的刺激间隔（50毫秒）下，语义促进的程度随着语音起始时间的操纵而降低。此外，当启动词有一个真实的浊音对应词时，词汇判断潜伏期往往比没有时更慢。这些结果表明，词汇库中单词的激活水平是分级的，这取决于输入单词的次音素形式。结果还表明，无论输入对目标单词的语音表征是相对较差还是较好，与目标单词候选词在语音上相似的单词都会在一定程度上被激活。
