Lee Chao-Yang, Zhang Yu
Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2018 Feb;47(1):65-78. doi: 10.1007/s10936-017-9514-y.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between processing lexical and speaker-specific information in spoken word recognition. The specific question is whether repetition and semantic/associative priming is reduced when the prime and target are produced by different speakers. In Experiment 1, the prime and target were repeated (e.g., queen-queen) or unrelated (e.g., bell-queen). In Experiment 2, the prime and target were semantically/associatively related (e.g., king-queen) or unrelated (e.g., bell-queen). In both experiments, the prime and target were either produced by the same male speaker or two different male speakers. Two interstimulus intervals between the prime and target were used to examine the time course of processing speaker information. The tasks for the participants included judging the lexical status of the target (lexical decision), followed by judging whether the prime and target were produced by the same speaker or different speakers (speaker discrimination). The results showed that both lexical decision and speaker discrimination were facilitated to a smaller extent when the prime and target were produced by different speakers, indicating reduced repetition priming by speaker variability. In contrast, semantic/associative priming was not affected by speaker variability. The ISI between the prime and target did not affect either type of priming. In conclusion, speaker variability affects accessing a word's form but not its meaning, suggesting that speaker-specific information is processed at a relatively shallow level.
本研究的目的是调查在口语单词识别过程中处理词汇信息和说话者特定信息之间的相互作用。具体问题是，当启动刺激和目标刺激由不同说话者发出时，重复启动和语义/联想启动是否会减弱。在实验1中，启动刺激和目标刺激是重复的（例如，queen-queen）或不相关的（例如，bell-queen）。在实验2中，启动刺激和目标刺激在语义/联想上是相关的（例如，king-queen）或不相关的（例如，bell-queen）。在这两个实验中，启动刺激和目标刺激要么由同一位男性说话者发出，要么由两位不同的男性说话者发出。启动刺激和目标刺激之间使用了两个刺激间隔来检查处理说话者信息的时间进程。参与者的任务包括判断目标刺激的词汇状态（词汇判断），然后判断启动刺激和目标刺激是否由同一位说话者或不同的说话者发出（说话者辨别）。结果表明，当启动刺激和目标刺激由不同说话者发出时，词汇判断和说话者辨别得到的促进程度较小，这表明说话者变异性会降低重复启动。相比之下，语义/联想启动不受说话者变异性的影响。启动刺激和目标刺激之间的刺激间隔对任何一种启动都没有影响。总之，说话者变异性会影响单词形式的提取，但不影响其意义，这表明说话者特定信息是在相对较浅的层面上进行处理的。
