Over-additive anticonvulsant effect of memantine and NBQX in kindled rats.

We investigated the anticonvulsant and adverse effects of various dose combinations of the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX (2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(F)quinoxaline) and the low-affinity, rapidly channel blocking NMDA receptor antagonist memantine in the kindling model of epilepsy. While memantine was ineffective when given alone, co-administration with NBQX markedly potentiated the increase in focal seizure threshold induced by NBQX alone. This synergistic (i.e. over-additive) interaction was seen at doses of both drugs which did not induce behavioural adverse effects. The data substantiate that combinations of AMPA and NMDA receptor antagonists provide a new strategy for the treatment of epileptic seizures.