Shum D H, McFarland K, Bain J D
Neuropsychology Unit, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1994 Aug;16(4):531-8. doi: 10.1080/01688639408402664.
Examined the relationship between the psychological testing and information processing approaches in assessing attention. Eighty-seven subjects (57 females, 30 males) undertook eight psychological tests of attention and a visual-spatial reaction-time task. Using the cognitive-correlate method (Posner & McLeod, 1982), it was found that three components of attention (viz., visual-motor scanning, sustained selective processing, and visual/auditory spanning) derived from the psychological tests could be significantly predicted by specific, yet different, combinations of six indices of information processing (mean reaction time (RT), mean movement time (MT), feature extraction, identification, response selection, and motor adjustment): (a) mean RT and mean MT were found to be the most important indices for predicting performance on visual-motor scanning; (b) the motor-adjustment stage was found to be the most important index for predicting performance on sustained selective processing; (c) the response-selection stage was found to be the most important index for predicting performance on visual/auditory spanning. These relationships are important for supporting the construct-related validity of the psychological tests of attention and for extending the generality and applicability of the RT task.
研究了心理测试与信息处理方法在评估注意力方面的关系。87名受试者（57名女性，30名男性）进行了八项注意力心理测试和一项视觉空间反应时任务。采用认知相关法（波斯纳和麦克劳德，1982年），研究发现，心理测试得出的注意力三个组成部分（即视觉运动扫描、持续选择性加工和视觉/听觉广度）可由信息处理的六个指标（平均反应时（RT）、平均运动时（MT）、特征提取、识别、反应选择和运动调整）的特定但不同组合显著预测：（a）平均RT和平均MT被发现是预测视觉运动扫描表现的最重要指标；（b）运动调整阶段被发现是预测持续选择性加工表现的最重要指标；（c）反应选择阶段被发现是预测视觉/听觉广度表现的最重要指标。这些关系对于支持注意力心理测试的结构相关效度以及扩展反应时任务的普遍性和适用性很重要。
