Majumdar S P, Kumar T R
Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital.
J Indian Med Assoc. 1994 Jul;92(7):233-4.
Inhalation of steroid is important in the management of asthma and at present various steroids are available for inhalation. Aerosol treatment with steroids is most effective if used in several doses throughout the day. In moderately severe asthma it may be ineffective until airways are cleared by adequate oral doses. There are several methods of inhalation eg, metered dose inhalation, dry powder inhalation and nebulisation. The pressurised metered dose inhaler is widely used for its main advantage of compactness, convenience and readiness for use. Powdered inhalers are considered safe especially for use in children. No co-ordination is required by the patient in cases of administration by nebulisation. Inhaled route is preferred to systemic route because of its better therapeutic index ie, fewer side-effects for equivalent clinical effects. But poor inhalation technique is the reason for failure of aerosol steroids.
吸入类固醇在哮喘治疗中很重要，目前有多种类固醇可供吸入使用。如果一天中多次使用类固醇进行雾化治疗，效果最为显著。在中度至重度哮喘中，在通过足够的口服剂量清除气道之前，雾化治疗可能无效。有几种吸入方法，例如定量气雾剂吸入、干粉吸入和雾化吸入。压力定量气雾剂因其紧凑、方便和随时可用的主要优点而被广泛使用。干粉吸入器被认为是安全的，尤其适用于儿童。在雾化给药的情况下，患者无需协调配合。由于吸入途径具有更好的治疗指数，即产生同等临床效果时副作用更少，因此相较于全身给药途径更受青睐。但雾化类固醇治疗失败的原因是吸入技术不佳。
