Delgado-Rodríguez M, dé lá Fuente L, Bravo M J, Lardelli P, Barrio G
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Avenida de Madrid, Granada, Spain.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1994 Oct;48(5):459-63. doi: 10.1136/jech.48.5.459.
To determine whether HIV positive intravenous drug users (IVDUs) who were receiving outpatient treatment for opiate and cocaine abuse or dependence used practices aimed at reducing the spread of HIV.
Cross sectional study of behaviour and HIV serostatus in IVDUs.
A nationwide sample, from 83 health centres for outpatient treatment, stratified by autonomous regions.
Altogether 1074 IVDUs were recruited. HIV serostatus could be verified in 738 (68.7%) of these.
Crude and adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated to assess the association between HIV serostatus and behavioural changes. In their daily interactions with other members of the same household, seropositive subjects more frequently used preventive methods aimed at avoiding transmission than seronegative patients. Treatment for abuse or dependency before the current regimen had a greater impact in HIV positive than HIV negative subjects in terms of abstaining from risk behaviours. There was a significant trend toward lower drug consumption in HIV positive subjects, and the number of seropositive and seronegative IVDUs who stopped injecting their drugs was significantly higher among the former. Seropositive subjects were also more likely to stop sharing drug injecting equipment and to change their sexual habits; they reported an increased consistent use of condoms.
HIV positive IVDUs were more likely to change their risk behaviours than their HIV negative counterparts.
确定接受门诊阿片类药物和可卡因滥用或依赖治疗的HIV阳性静脉注射吸毒者是否采取了旨在减少HIV传播的措施。
对静脉注射吸毒者的行为和HIV血清学状态进行横断面研究。
来自83个门诊治疗健康中心的全国性样本，按自治区分层。
共招募了1074名静脉注射吸毒者。其中738人（68.7%）的HIV血清学状态可得到验证。
估计了粗比值比和调整后的比值比及其95%置信区间，以评估HIV血清学状态与行为变化之间的关联。在与同一家庭其他成员的日常互动中，血清阳性者比血清阴性患者更频繁地使用旨在避免传播的预防方法。就戒除危险行为而言，在目前治疗方案之前接受的滥用或依赖治疗对HIV阳性者的影响大于HIV阴性者。HIV阳性者的药物消费量有显著下降趋势，且停止注射毒品的HIV阳性静脉注射吸毒者人数明显多于血清阴性者。血清阳性者也更有可能停止共用注射设备并改变性行为习惯；他们报告使用避孕套的持续率有所提高。
与HIV阴性静脉注射吸毒者相比，HIV阳性静脉注射吸毒者更有可能改变其危险行为。
