Lipp O V, Sheridan J, Siddle D A
Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1994 Oct;20(4):380-9.
Potentiation of blink startle during aversive and nonaversive Pavlovian single-cue conditioning was assessed in human Ss. In Experiment 1 (N = 89), the conditioning group received paired presentations of a visual conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US), whereas the control group was presented with a random sequence. The US was an electric shock for half the Ss and a nonaversive reaction time task for the other half. Electrodermal conditioning was evident regardless of the nature of the US, but blink potentiation was found only in the conditioning group that had been trained with the aversive US. These results were replicated in Experiment 2 (N = 65), in which a nonaversive US of increased motivational significance was used. Thus, only aversive conditioning seems to affect the affective valence of the CS, at least as reflected by changes in a skeletal reflex.
在人类受试者中评估了厌恶和非厌恶巴甫洛夫单线索条件反射过程中眨眼惊跳的增强情况。在实验1（N = 89）中，条件反射组接受视觉条件刺激（CS）和无条件刺激（US）的配对呈现，而对照组则呈现随机序列。对于一半的受试者，US是电击，对于另一半受试者，US是一个非厌恶反应时任务。无论US的性质如何，皮肤电条件反射都很明显，但仅在接受厌恶US训练的条件反射组中发现了眨眼增强。这些结果在实验2（N = 65）中得到了重复，实验2中使用了具有增加动机意义的非厌恶US。因此，至少从骨骼反射的变化所反映的情况来看，似乎只有厌恶条件反射会影响CS的情感效价。
