Bailey W T
Department of Psychology, Tulane University.
J Genet Psychol. 1994 Sep;155(3):331-9. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1994.9914783.
A 4-year study was conducted to determine the temporal dynamics of paternal caregiving and play and the effect of maternal employment on these dynamics. The families were studied when the children were infants and again when they were 5 years old. At both times, the fathers were more involved in social interaction than in caregiving. Caregiving was usually provided by the mother, but the child's social interaction was equal for the father and mother. Paternal involvement in caregiving increased over time, whereas social interaction did not. The evidence indicates that maternal employment played a significant role in determining paternal involvement with the child as an infant and as the child grew older. When the child was an infant, the fathers' caregiving was positively related to the mothers' employment. Four years later, the fathers' caregiving and social involvement were positively related to the mothers' employment, and the parents' relative time available for involvement was positively associated with the fathers' participation in child care. The results are discussed in terms of the demand-response capacity hypothesis (Coverman, 1985).
一项为期4年的研究旨在确定父亲照顾与玩耍的时间动态变化以及母亲就业对这些动态变化的影响。研究对这些家庭在孩子 infancy 时进行了观察，当孩子5岁时又再次进行观察。在这两个时间点，父亲更多地参与社交互动而非照顾孩子。照顾孩子通常由母亲提供，但孩子与父亲和母亲的社交互动是均等的。随着时间推移，父亲对照顾孩子的参与度有所增加，而社交互动则没有。证据表明，母亲就业在决定父亲在孩子 infancy 以及孩子长大后对孩子的参与度方面发挥了重要作用。当孩子处于 infancy 时，父亲的照顾与母亲的就业呈正相关。四年后，父亲的照顾和社交参与与母亲的就业呈正相关，并且父母可用于参与照顾孩子的相对时间与父亲参与儿童保育呈正相关。研究结果依据需求 - 响应能力假设（Coverman，1985）进行了讨论。 （注：原文中“infancy”未翻译，可能是特定医学术语未找到合适中文对应，可根据实际情况调整）
