Tsuchida E
Dept. Polymer Chemistry, Waseda University.
Nihon Rinsho. 1994 Sep;52(9):2483-91.
Recent Progress and trend in the development of the blood substitutes, both of hemoglobin based substitute and totally synthetic one, are overviewed to apply them as an artificial blood. In response to the requisites as oxygen carriers, characteristics and present status are summarized for hemoglobin vesicles, modified hemoglobin (such as conjugated-, polymerized-, crosslinked-hemoglobin) including recombinant from gene-engineering, and totally synthetic oxygen carriers. Concentrated Hb encapsulated with thin phospholipid membrane (hemoglobin vesicle) transports the sufficient amount of oxygen with excellent solution properties. In vitro and in vivo data, and storability in frozen or dry states are introduced. Oxygen transporting ability in blood stream of the totally synthetic carrier (lipid-heme embedded in the bilayer of a phospholipid vesicle) is demonstrated by exchange transfusion tests in animals. Current status of their development including phase-I clinical results is also introduced as well as unsolved issues and future perspectives of the artificial blood.
综述了血液替代品（包括基于血红蛋白的替代品和全合成替代品）作为人造血液的最新进展和发展趋势。针对作为氧载体的要求，总结了血红蛋白囊泡、修饰血红蛋白（如共轭血红蛋白、聚合血红蛋白、交联血红蛋白，包括基因工程重组血红蛋白）和全合成氧载体的特性及现状。包裹在薄磷脂膜中的浓缩血红蛋白（血红蛋白囊泡）具有优异的溶液性质，能输送足够量的氧气。介绍了其体外和体内数据以及冷冻或干燥状态下的储存性能。通过动物换血试验证明了全合成载体（嵌入磷脂囊泡双层中的脂质血红素）在血流中的氧输送能力。还介绍了它们的发展现状，包括一期临床结果，以及人造血液未解决的问题和未来展望。
