Chang Thomas Ming Swi
Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 2006;34(6):551-66. doi: 10.1080/10731190600973808.
The original artificial red blood cells have evolved into oxygen carriers in the form of polyhemoglobin and conjugated hemoglobin. Clinical conditions requiring only oxygen carriers are responding well to these types of oxygen carriers without the need for a complete artificial red blood cell. For those conditions requiring more than just oxygen carriers, new generations of polyhemoglobin containing antioxidant enzymes are being developed. Though a complete artificial red blood cell comparable to red blood cell is still a dream, development in lipid membrane artificial red blood cells and biodegradable polymeric nano artificial red blood cells are steps towards this possibility. The many years of neglect on basic research in the area of blood substitutes have resulted in the lack of important basic knowledge needed for the rapid development of blood substitutes suitable for clinical use. This is further hampered by the mistaken conception that blood substitute is a single entity. We need to look at blood substitutes as consisting of progressively more complicated entities, e.g. oxygen carriers, oxygen carriers with antioxidant activity, and complete red blood cell substitutes. Each of these entities is not applicable to all clinical conditions, but is suitable for specific applications.
最初的人造红细胞已演变成多聚血红蛋白和共轭血红蛋白形式的氧载体。仅需要氧载体的临床病症对这类氧载体反应良好，无需完整的人造红细胞。对于那些不仅需要氧载体的病症，正在研发含抗氧化酶的新一代多聚血红蛋白。尽管制造出与红细胞相当的完整人造红细胞仍是一个梦想，但脂质膜人造红细胞和可生物降解聚合物纳米人造红细胞的发展正朝着这一可能性迈进。多年来对血液替代品基础研究的忽视导致缺乏快速开发适用于临床的血液替代品所需的重要基础知识。而认为血液替代品是单一实体的错误观念进一步阻碍了这一发展。我们需要将血液替代品视为由越来越复杂的实体组成，例如氧载体、具有抗氧化活性的氧载体以及完整的红细胞替代品。这些实体并非适用于所有临床病症，而是适用于特定应用。
