Miselli V, Pagliani U, Bisi S, Foracchia A, Dorigatti C, Pinotti M, Zappavigna A
Servizio di Diabetologia, Ospedale di Scandiano, Reggio Emilia.
Minerva Endocrinol. 1994 Jun;19(2):63-6.
To evaluate retrospectively the results of a screening for gestational diabetes (GD) carried out during the period 1981-91 on pregnant women with one or more risk factors for diabetes.
An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed between the 14th and 18th weeks of pregnancy in 423 women. Those who were positive for gestational diabetes were successively treated with diet alone or together with insulin to obtain strict metabolic control.
Positivity for GD varied between 2.2% and 2.4% in all women studied and between 20.8% and 28.8% in pregnant women with two or more risk factors. Pathological deliveries (caesarian and dystocial) and macrosomias proved more frequent, though not significantly so, in pregnant women positive for GD compared to those who proved negative. The maternal 5 years follow up of women with previous GD showed 10% positivity for IGT and 14% positivity for diabetes.
Intensive treatment of a pregnant woman with GD, allows the achievement of results similar, in terms of maternal and fetal health, to those observable in non-diabetic pregnant women. GD moreover seems highly forseeable for the appearance of diabetes mellitus and it is therefore advisable, after pregnancy, to perform a long-term follow-up for preventive purposes.
回顾性评估1981年至1991年期间对有一个或多个糖尿病危险因素的孕妇进行妊娠期糖尿病（GD）筛查的结果。
对423名妇女在妊娠第14至18周进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）。妊娠期糖尿病呈阳性的患者先后仅采用饮食治疗或联合胰岛素治疗，以实现严格的代谢控制。
在所有研究的妇女中，GD阳性率在2.2%至2.4%之间，在有两个或更多危险因素的孕妇中，GD阳性率在20.8%至28.8%之间。与GD阴性的孕妇相比，GD阳性的孕妇剖宫产和难产等病理分娩以及巨大儿更为常见，尽管差异无统计学意义。对既往患有GD的妇女进行5年的随访，结果显示IGT阳性率为10%，糖尿病阳性率为14%。
对患有GD的孕妇进行强化治疗，在母婴健康方面可取得与非糖尿病孕妇相似的结果。此外，GD似乎极有可能发展为糖尿病，因此，为预防起见，产后进行长期随访是可取的。
