Clark E, Robinson K
Nurse Educ Today. 1994 Aug;14(4):257-63. doi: 10.1016/0260-6917(94)90135-x.
In this paper the authors examine the differences between open and distance learning and describe a framework based on the two dimensions of contiguity and openness to identify four 'ideal type' teaching situations. In the second part of the paper, recent developments in higher education are summarised and the shift towards increased flexibility of education provision is highlighted. Finally, it is argued that alongside the debate about definitions and educational philosophies, there is an urgent need to evaluate the effectiveness of open and distance learning systems. Personal beliefs and assertions about the benefits of open/distance learning need to be replaced by sound evidence.
在本文中，作者探讨了开放学习与远程学习之间的差异，并描述了一个基于临近性和开放性这两个维度的框架，以确定四种“理想类型”的教学情境。在论文的第二部分，总结了高等教育的最新发展，并强调了教育提供方式向更大灵活性的转变。最后，有人认为，除了关于定义和教育理念的争论之外，迫切需要评估开放学习和远程学习系统的有效性。关于开放/远程学习益处的个人信念和断言需要用可靠的证据来取代。
