Schor C M, Maxwell J S, Stevenson S B
University of California, School of Optometry, Berkeley 94720.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1994 Jul;14(3):279-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.1994.tb00008.x.
Conjugate gaze is often defined as the equal angle rotation of the two eyes. For fixation at far distances, the optical axes are parallel and conjugacy is defined irrespective of the coordinate system. For nearby or finite fixation distances, the evaluation of conjugacy for many gaze postures depends on the coordinate system used to measure it. For example, if the eye is elevated or depressed and the eye is rotated about a vertical axis, the intersections of lines of sight with a tangent screen will describe either straight lines or arcs depending on whether the vertical axis is fixed with respect to the head or to the eye. Because of the horizontal separation of the two eyes, the binocular fixation of near targets at tertiary positions of gaze will require a vertical vergence component for head-referenced but not eye-referenced measurements. The vertical gaze alignment of three human subjects was measured as they viewed targets placed at secondary and tertiary eye positions at two different distances. Vertical vergence was either held open or closed-loop. The lines of sight were found to intersect (i.e. vertical gaze was aligned) regardless of target position or viewing condition.
共轭注视通常被定义为双眼的等角度旋转。对于远距离注视，光轴是平行的，共轭性的定义与坐标系无关。对于近距离或有限的注视距离，许多注视姿势的共轭性评估取决于用于测量它的坐标系。例如，如果眼睛抬高或降低，并且眼睛绕垂直轴旋转，视线与切线屏幕的交点将描绘出直线或弧线，这取决于垂直轴是相对于头部还是相对于眼睛固定。由于双眼的水平间距，在三级注视位置对近目标的双眼注视在以头部为参考而非以眼睛为参考的测量中需要垂直聚散分量。测量了三名人类受试者在两个不同距离观看放置在二级和三级眼位的目标时的垂直注视对准情况。垂直聚散要么保持开环要么保持闭环。结果发现，无论目标位置或观看条件如何，视线都会相交（即垂直注视是对齐的）。
