van der Meer A L, van der Weel F R, Lee D N
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Perception. 1994;23(3):287-302. doi: 10.1068/p230287.
Catching a moving object requires the ability to predict the future trajectory of the object. To test whether infants can use visual information predictively, reaching for a toy moving at different speeds was investigated in six infants around 11 months of age. The toy was occluded from view by a screen during the last part of its approach. Gaze arrived at the exit side of the screen and the hand started to move forward before the toy had disappeared behind the occluder; these actions were prospectively geared to certain times before the toy would reappear. In addition, hand-movement duration was found to be related to the time of reappearance of the toy--the information used to regulate duration of hand movement being picked up before the toy disappeared behind the occluder. In a longitudinal experiment, the development of predictive reaching was investigated in two infants between the ages of 20 and 48 weeks. At all ages studied, gaze anticipated the reappearance of the moving toy. However, anticipation with hand movement of the disappearance of the toy and the ability to gear actions prospectively to the time (instead of distance) the toy was away from certain points on the track developed relatively late and marked the transition to successfully catching faster-moving toys.
抓住一个移动的物体需要预测该物体未来轨迹的能力。为了测试婴儿是否能够进行预测性地使用视觉信息，对六名11个月大左右的婴儿伸手去够以不同速度移动的玩具的情况进行了研究。在玩具接近的最后阶段，它被一个屏幕挡住而看不见了。在玩具消失在遮挡物后面之前，目光就已经到达了屏幕的出口一侧，并且手也开始向前移动；这些动作前瞻性地针对玩具再次出现之前的特定时刻。此外，发现手部移动的持续时间与玩具再次出现的时间有关——用于调节手部移动持续时间的信息是在玩具消失在遮挡物后面之前获取的。在一项纵向实验中，对两名年龄在20到48周之间的婴儿预测性伸手抓取的发展情况进行了研究。在所有研究的年龄段，目光都能预测移动玩具的再次出现。然而，手部对玩具消失的预期以及将动作前瞻性地与玩具离开轨道上某些点的时间（而非距离）相协调的能力发展得相对较晚，这标志着向成功抓住移动速度更快的玩具的转变。
