Todd S, Kramer A F
Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
Percept Psychophys. 1994 Aug;56(2):198-210. doi: 10.3758/bf03213898.
Previous research has shown that a task-irrelevant sudden onset of an object will capture an observer's visual attention or draw it to that object (e.g., Yantis & Jonides, 1984). However, further research has demonstrated the apparent inability of an object with a task-irrelevant but unique color or luminance to capture attention (Jonides & Yantis, 1988). In the experiments reported here, we reexplore the question of whether task-irrelevant properties other than sudden onset may capture attention. Our results suggest that uniquely colored or luminous objects, as well as salient though irrelevant boundaries, do not appear to capture attention. However, these irrelevant features do appear to serve as landmarks for a top-down search strategy which becomes increasingly likely with larger display set sizes. These findings are described in terms of stimulus-driven and goal-directed aspects of attentional control.
先前的研究表明，与任务无关的物体突然出现会吸引观察者的视觉注意力，或将其注意力引向该物体（例如，扬蒂斯和乔尼德斯，1984年）。然而，进一步的研究表明，具有与任务无关但独特颜色或亮度的物体显然无法吸引注意力（乔尼德斯和扬蒂斯，1988年）。在本文所报告的实验中，我们重新探讨了除突然出现之外的与任务无关的属性是否可能吸引注意力这一问题。我们的结果表明，颜色独特或发光的物体，以及显著但无关的边界，似乎不会吸引注意力。然而，这些无关特征似乎确实充当了自上而下搜索策略的地标，随着显示集大小的增加，这种策略越来越有可能被采用。这些发现是根据注意力控制的刺激驱动和目标导向方面来描述的。
