McAuley E, Courneya K S, Rudolph D L, Lox C L
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61801.
Prev Med. 1994 Jul;23(4):498-506. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1994.1068.
Perceptions of personal efficacy have been consistently identified as being determinants of exercise adherence in asymptomatic, rehabilitative, younger, and older populations. The present study incorporated a randomized control design in an effort to examine the effects of an efficacy-based intervention in enhancing exercise adherence in a large sample (N = 114) of formerly sedentary middle-aged males and females.
Subjects randomly assigned to an exercise plus intervention group or an exercise plus attentional control group participated in a 5-month long walking program led by trained personnel. Exercise behavior (frequency, miles walked, duration) were assessed on a continuous basis and self-efficacy was measured at 1, 2, and 4 months.
Repeated measures multivariate analyses revealed a significant treatment effect with subjects in the intervention group exercising more frequently, for longer duration, and walking greater distances over the course of the program. Path analysis indicated that the effect of the treatment on adherence was direct rather than through self-efficacy as hypothesized. Self-efficacy was, however, a significant predictor of exercise behavior in the early and middle stages of the exercise program but not during the last month.
An intervention program designed to maximize information pertaining to participants' capabilities appears to have had a reasonable effect on reducing attrition in middle-aged males and females and self-efficacy was a significant predictor of exercise frequency over time. Further research efforts are required to tease out those cognitive factors that might underlie any effects of interventions in exercise adherence.
个人效能感一直被认为是无症状人群、康复人群、年轻人和老年人运动坚持性的决定因素。本研究采用随机对照设计，旨在检验基于效能的干预措施对大量（N = 114）以前久坐不动的中年男性和女性提高运动坚持性的效果。
随机分配到运动加干预组或运动加注意力控制组的受试者参加了由训练有素的人员指导的为期5个月的步行计划。持续评估运动行为（频率、步行英里数、持续时间），并在第1、2和4个月测量自我效能感。
重复测量多元分析显示出显著的治疗效果，干预组的受试者在计划过程中运动更频繁、持续时间更长、步行距离更远。路径分析表明，治疗对坚持性的影响是直接的，而不是如假设的那样通过自我效能感。然而，自我效能感是运动计划早期和中期运动行为的显著预测因素，但在最后一个月不是。
一个旨在最大限度地提供与参与者能力相关信息的干预计划似乎对减少中年男性和女性的退出率有合理的效果，并且自我效能感是运动频率随时间变化的显著预测因素。需要进一步的研究来梳理出那些可能是干预对运动坚持性产生影响的潜在认知因素。
