Wilmer J W, Moritz C, Hall L, Toop J
Department of Zoology, University of Queensland, Australia.
Proc Biol Sci. 1994 Aug 22;257(1349):193-8. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1994.0115.
The ghost bat, Macroderma gigas, has undergone a major range contraction and is currently restricted around a few, highly disjunct maternity sites. The amount and distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation within extant populations has been used to assess levels of current and historical maternal gene flow between these populations. An approximately 330 base pair fragment spanning a hypervariable area of the mtDNA control region was amplified and sequenced by using 22 individuals from four current ghost bat populations. The mean sequence diversity of 4.5% between populations was six times higher than that within populations (0.68%), and alleles within populations were monophyletic. Restriction enzyme analysis of amplified products from an additional 100 individuals revealed fixed allelic differences in the distribution of control region genotypes between the four populations. It is suggested that this extreme genetic subdivision is a consequence of long-term female philopatry. For the purposes of management each population should be treated as an independent entity. The depth of the genetic structuring suggests that the isolation of extant populations preceded the historical range contraction.
鬼蝠（Macroderma gigas）经历了一次主要的分布范围收缩，目前仅局限于少数几个高度分散的繁殖地附近。现存种群中线粒体DNA（mtDNA）变异的数量和分布已被用于评估这些种群之间当前和历史上母系基因流的水平。通过对来自四个现存鬼蝠种群的22个个体进行分析，扩增并测序了一段跨越mtDNA控制区高变区的约330个碱基对的片段。种群间平均序列多样性为4.5%，是种群内（0.68%）的六倍，且种群内的等位基因是单系的。对另外100个个体的扩增产物进行限制性酶切分析，结果显示四个种群之间控制区基因型分布存在固定的等位基因差异。研究表明，这种极端的遗传细分是长期雌性留居的结果。为了管理目的，每个种群都应被视为一个独立的实体。遗传结构的深度表明，现存种群的隔离发生在历史分布范围收缩之前。
