Haddad N F, Szalda-Petree A, Karkowski A, Foss R L, Berger L H
Department of Psychology, University of Montana, Missoula 59812-1041.
Physiol Behav. 1994 Sep;56(3):487-93. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90291-7.
Two experiments were conducted in which the wheel-running behavior of rats under various effort requirements was investigated. The specific effort requirements were obtained by varying the tangential force required to initiate wheel movement. In the first experiment, a discrete trial preparation was used in which 4 groups of rats received training with high effort levels of 90, 110, 130, and 150 g. The results showed that increasing effort requirements slowed the rate of acquisition, lowered the asymptotic running speeds, and reduced resistance to extinction. In the second experiment, using an operant preparation, running speeds were examined for baseline (nonreinforced) and fixed-interval 1 min schedules of reinforcement at effort levels of 45, 90, and 180 g. The results clearly showed wheel-running to be schedule-induced. However, the effects of effort on FI behavior were less clear due to inconsistencies between subjects. Results are discussed in terms of the potential benefits of bridging operant and discrete trial preparations and methods for studying the effects of effort on animal behavior.
进行了两项实验，研究了大鼠在各种努力要求下的转轮行为。通过改变启动转轮运动所需的切向力来获得特定的努力要求。在第一个实验中，采用了离散试验准备，其中4组大鼠接受了90、110、130和150克高努力水平的训练。结果表明，增加努力要求会减慢习得速度，降低渐近奔跑速度，并降低对消退的抵抗力。在第二个实验中，使用操作性准备，在45、90和180克的努力水平下，检查了基线（无强化）和固定间隔1分钟强化时间表的奔跑速度。结果清楚地表明转轮行为是由时间表诱导的。然而，由于个体之间的不一致，努力对固定间隔行为的影响不太清楚。根据桥接操作性和离散试验准备的潜在益处以及研究努力对动物行为影响的方法对结果进行了讨论。
