Carroll R J, Stefanski L A
Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843.
Stat Med. 1994 Jun 30;13(12):1265-82. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780131208.
MacMahon et al. present a meta-analysis of the effect of blood pressure on coronary heart disease, as well as new methods for estimation in measurement error models for the case when a replicate or second measurement is made of the fallible predictor. The correction for attenuation used by these authors is compared to others already existing in the literature, as well as to a new instrumental variable method. The assumptions justifying the various methods are examined and their efficiencies are studied via simulation. Compared to the methods we discuss, the method of MacMahon et al. may have bias in some circumstances because it does not take into account: (i) possible correlations among the predictors within a study; (ii) possible bias in the second measurement; or (iii) possibly differing marginal distributions of the predictors or measurement errors across studies. A unifying asymptotic theory using estimating equations is also presented.
麦克马洪等人对血压对冠心病的影响进行了荟萃分析，还提出了在对易出错的预测变量进行重复测量或二次测量的情况下，测量误差模型中的新估计方法。将这些作者所使用的衰减校正方法与文献中已有的其他方法以及一种新的工具变量法进行了比较。研究了证明各种方法合理性的假设，并通过模拟研究了它们的效率。与我们所讨论的方法相比，麦克马洪等人的方法在某些情况下可能存在偏差，因为它没有考虑到：（i）一项研究中预测变量之间可能存在的相关性；（ii）二次测量中可能存在的偏差；或（iii）不同研究中预测变量或测量误差可能不同的边际分布。还提出了一种使用估计方程的统一渐近理论。
