Turnbull D, Irwig L, Simpson J M, Donnelly N
Department of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Soc Sci Med. 1994 Aug;39(4):543-51. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90097-3.
We examined the psychosocial impact of implementing a generalised campaign to promote mammography screening in an Australian inner city community. Prior to the campaign, telephone interviews were conducted with 628 randomly selected women aged 45-70, 285 in central Sydney (where the screening programme operated) and 343 from the rest of Sydney. A second cross-sectional survey was conducted two years after the campaign commenced. The campaign achieved an estimated 21% attendance rate in an eligible population of 43,000 women over a period of 22 months. Overall the campaign reached a large section of the eligible community, with 70% of women being aware of the van's existence. In addition, the proportion of women who reported being exposed to 'a moderate amount' or 'quite a lot' of information about screening increased by almost 20%. However, two thirds of women still reported being exposed to 'only a little' or no information at all. Attendance was achieved largely in the absence of improvements in knowledge and attitudes. Where change did happen, it occurred in the community overall, rather than being confined to the campaign's target area. Changes were most likely due to general electronic and print media messages, which were largely positive in their tone of reporting on screening. The campaign in one area of central Sydney, Drummoyne, which was much more intense, was successful in encouraging greater awareness of the van and mammography screening, plus greater attendance than in the rest of central Sydney, but had no impact on knowledge or attitudes. There was no demonstrable impact on psychological morbidity.
我们研究了在澳大利亚一个内城区社区开展一项推广乳房X光检查筛查的普及活动所产生的社会心理影响。在活动开展之前，对628名年龄在45至70岁之间的随机抽取女性进行了电话访谈，其中285名来自悉尼市中心（筛查项目实施地区），343名来自悉尼其他地区。在活动开始两年后进行了第二次横断面调查。在22个月的时间里，该活动在43000名符合条件的女性人群中实现了约21%的参与率。总体而言，该活动覆盖了大部分符合条件的社区，70%的女性知晓了流动筛查车的存在。此外，报告接触到“适量”或“大量”筛查信息的女性比例增加了近20%。然而，仍有三分之二的女性表示只接触到“很少”或根本没有接触到任何信息。参与率的提高主要是在知识和态度没有改善的情况下实现的。即便有变化，也是在整个社区发生的，而非局限于活动的目标区域。变化最有可能是由于一般电子和印刷媒体的信息，这些信息在报道筛查方面的语气大多是积极的。悉尼市中心一个地区德鲁莫因开展的活动更为密集，成功地提高了对流动筛查车和乳房X光检查筛查的认知度，参与率也高于悉尼市中心其他地区，但对知识或态度没有影响。对心理疾病发病率没有明显影响。
