Konturek J W, Domschke W
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik B, Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster.
Z Gastroenterol. 1994 Aug;32(8):460-4.
In 1987 it was demonstrated that the vascular endothelium produces nitric oxide, a gas that acts as highly labile but very potent relaxing factor for the vascular smooth muscle. During the last 5-6 years, a series of discoveries from many different avenues of research came together revealing the major biological role of NO as neurotransmitter in the nervous system and other parts of the body, as a potent vasodilating and cytoprotective substance, as mediator of endotoxin-induced cytotoxicity and as a substance involved in various disorders such as liver cirrhosis and reactions of the immune system. Recent studies suggest that in addition to VIP and ATP, NO may mediate non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibition of gastrointestinal smooth muscle and related inhibitory junction potentials. The identity of action of NO and NANC nerve stimulation has been supported by numerous in vitro and in vivo studies on esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon of various species including humans.
1987年，有研究表明血管内皮会产生一氧化氮，这种气体作为一种极不稳定但效力很强的血管平滑肌舒张因子发挥作用。在过去的5到6年里，来自许多不同研究途径的一系列发现汇聚在一起，揭示了一氧化氮在神经系统和身体其他部位作为神经递质的主要生物学作用，作为一种有效的血管舒张和细胞保护物质，作为内毒素诱导细胞毒性的介质，以及作为一种参与各种疾病（如肝硬化和免疫系统反应）的物质。最近的研究表明，除了血管活性肠肽和三磷酸腺苷外，一氧化氮可能介导胃肠道平滑肌的非肾上腺素能、非胆碱能（NANC）抑制以及相关的抑制性接头电位。一氧化氮的作用与NANC神经刺激的一致性得到了对包括人类在内的各种物种的食管、胃、小肠和结肠进行的大量体外和体内研究的支持。
