Jablonski N G
Department of Anatomy and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1994 Aug;94(4):435-64. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330940402.
The aim of the present investigation was to describe and identify the well-preserved cranial remains of a fossil cercopithecid recently recovered from sites on the Humpata Plateau in southern Angola. In the past, papionin fossils recovered from the Angolan site of Tchiua (Leba) have been referred to various taxa, including Dinopithecus ingens, Parapapio sp., and Papio (Dinopithecus) quadratirostris. Comparison of the new Angolan papionin cranial remains with those previously described from the Humpata Plateau and a large range of living and fossil Papionini revealed that the range of metrical and morphological variation present in the Humpata papionin sample was consistent with that found in a single extant papionin species. The Humpata cranial remains bear the largest number of similarities to Theropithecus baringensis R. Leakey, 1969, and it is to this species that the remains are hereby referred. This assignment is based on a suite of 11 shared attributes of the Humpata papionin fossils and the type specimen of T. baringensis, KNM BC2, which include: large molar teeth of relatively low relief with pinched cusps and with a prominent distal fovea on M3; a small, low cranial vault with little mid-parietal expansion; a bow-shaped supraorbital torus; trapezoidal, inferiorly tapering orbits; a functional complex related to the presence of a large and vertically oriented anterior temporalis muscle; a large infratemporal fossa with an anteromedially oriented posterior border; a long muzzle with a steep interorbital drop, shallow incisive arc, flattened dorsum, and rounded maxillary ridges; nasal bones that extend across the breadth of the posterior margin of the nasal aperture and then taper markedly as they approach nasion; prominent, inferiorly divergent mental ridges; and relatively shallow mandibular fossae that are long, elliptical in shape, and extend to the level of the M3. The results of the current study suggest that T. baringensis (now including the Humpata papionin sample) and T. quadratirostris occupy a position at the base of the Theropithecus radiation very close to the origin of Dinopithecus ingens and Gorgopithecus major. The species of the genera Theropithecus (including its Humpata representatives) and Papio, along with D. ingens and G. major, form a cluster of taxa that are more closely related to each other than they are to other extant or extinct papionins.
本研究的目的是描述和鉴定一具保存完好的灵长目化石颅骨残骸，该残骸最近从安哥拉南部洪帕塔高原的遗址中出土。过去，从安哥拉奇瓦（莱巴）遗址出土的狒狒化石被归入了不同的分类群，包括巨恐猿、副狒狒属以及四方鼻狒狒（恐猿）。将新出土的安哥拉狒狒颅骨残骸与之前从洪帕塔高原描述的以及大量现存和化石狒狒属进行比较后发现，洪帕塔狒狒样本中存在的测量和形态变异范围与单一现存狒狒属物种中发现的变异范围一致。洪帕塔颅骨残骸与1969年R. 利基发现的巴林吉斯恐猿最为相似，因此在此将这些残骸归入该物种。这一归类基于洪帕塔狒狒化石与巴林吉斯恐猿模式标本KNM BC2的11个共同特征，包括：磨牙较大，齿冠相对较低，尖部收缩，M3上有明显的远中凹；颅顶小且低，顶骨中部几乎没有扩张；眶上嵴呈弓形；眼眶呈梯形，向下逐渐变窄；与存在大的垂直定向颞前肌相关的功能复合体；颞下窝大，后缘向前内侧倾斜；吻部长，眶间落差陡峭，切牙弧浅，背部扁平，上颌嵴圆润；鼻骨横跨鼻孔后缘的宽度，然后在接近鼻根时明显变窄；颏嵴突出且向下发散；下颌窝相对较浅，长椭圆形，延伸至M3水平。当前研究结果表明，巴林吉斯恐猿（现在包括洪帕塔狒狒样本）和四方鼻狒狒在恐猿辐射的基部占据一个位置，非常接近巨恐猿和大恐猿的起源。恐猿属（包括其在洪帕塔的代表物种）和狒狒属的物种，以及巨恐猿和大恐猿，形成了一个分类群簇，它们彼此之间的关系比与其他现存或已灭绝的狒狒属更为密切。
