Howard R D, McIlwraith C W, Trotter G W, Powers B E, McFadden P R, Harwood F L, Amiel D
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
Am J Vet Res. 1994 Aug;55(8):1158-67.
Bilateral osteochondral defects (10 mm2 x 3 mm deep) were created on the distal articular surface of the radial carpal bone of ten, 2- to 3-year-old horses. One defect of each horse was repaired, using a sternal cartilage autograft (treated), and the other was left untreated (control). The horses were exercised on a high-speed treadmill at incrementally increased speed and duration over the course of 12 months. Horses were evaluated arthroscopically at 6 to 7 weeks, and clinical examinations were conducted weekly at exercise. Twelve months after surgery, carpuses of each horse were radiographed and clinically examined prior to euthanasia. A gross pathologic evaluation of each joint was conducted, and samples were collected for histologic, histochemical, histomorphometric, and biochemical evaluation. Radiographically, the grafted joints had more extensive evidence of arthropathy, and clinically, 8 of the 10 horses were more lame in the grafted limb. On the basis of histomorphometry, the repair tissue of the grafted defects contained a greater median percentage of hyaline cartilage (45%) than that of control defects (4.5%), and the control defects contained a greater percentage of fibrocartilage (82%) than did grafted defects (28.5%). A greater median percentage of repair tissue stained with safranin-O in the grafted defects (24.5%) than in the control defects (3.5%). On gross pathologic and histologic evaluation, repair tissue of the control defects had better continuity and was more firmly attached to the subchondral bone than was repair tissue of the grafted defects. Repair tissue of the grafted defects had extensive fissure and flap formation. Histologically, subchondral bone reactivity and fibroplasia was extensive in grafted joints. Repair tissue of grafted defects had a greater percentage of type II collagen (mean +/- SEM, 83.5 +/- 2.95%) than did controls (mean, 79.4 +/- 3.87%) that was not statistically significant. Hexosamine content was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in repair tissue of the grafted defect (mean, 28.9 +/- 3.00 mg/g of dry weight) vs control (mean, 20.6 +/- 1.85 mg/g of dry weight). On the basis of this experimental model, sternal cartilage autografts cannot be recommended at this time for repair of osteochondral defects in athletic horses.
在10匹2至3岁马的桡腕骨远端关节面制造双侧骨软骨缺损（10平方毫米×3毫米深）。每匹马的一个缺损用胸骨软骨自体移植进行修复（治疗组），另一个缺损不进行治疗（对照组）。在12个月的时间里，让这些马在高速跑步机上以逐渐增加的速度和时长进行锻炼。在6至7周时通过关节镜对马进行评估，在锻炼期间每周进行临床检查。术后12个月，在对每匹马实施安乐死之前，对其腕关节进行X光摄影并进行临床检查。对每个关节进行大体病理评估，并采集样本进行组织学、组织化学、组织形态计量学和生物化学评估。在X光片上，移植关节有更广泛的关节病迹象，在临床上，10匹马中有8匹移植肢体更跛。基于组织形态计量学，移植缺损的修复组织中透明软骨的中位百分比（45%）高于对照缺损（4.5%），对照缺损中纤维软骨的百分比（82%）高于移植缺损（28.5%）。移植缺损中用番红O染色的修复组织中位百分比（24.5%）高于对照缺损（3.5%）。在大体病理和组织学评估中，对照缺损的修复组织连续性更好，比移植缺损的修复组织更牢固地附着于软骨下骨。移植缺损的修复组织有广泛的裂隙和皮瓣形成。在组织学上，移植关节的软骨下骨反应和纤维增生广泛。移植缺损的修复组织中II型胶原蛋白的百分比（平均值±标准误，83.5±2.95%）高于对照组（平均值，79.4±3.87%），但无统计学意义。移植缺损修复组织中的己糖胺含量（平均值，28.9±3.00毫克/克干重）显著高于对照组（平均值，20.6±1.85毫克/克干重）（P<0.05）。基于这个实验模型，目前不推荐使用胸骨软骨自体移植来修复运动马匹的骨软骨缺损。
