Raine A, Brennan P, Mednick S A
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California-Los Angeles.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994 Dec;51(12):984-8. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950120056009.
This study tests the bisocial interaction hypothesis that birth complications when combined with early maternal rejection of the infant predispose to adult violent crime.
This hypothesis was tested using a cohort of 4269 consecutive live male births on whom measures of birth complications (age 0), early maternal rejection (age 1 year), and violent crime (age 18 years) were collected.
A significant interaction (P < .0001) between birth complications and early maternal rejection indicated that those who suffered both birth complications and early child rejection were most likely to become violent offenders in adulthood. While only 4.5% of the subjects had both risk factors, this small group accounted for 18% of all violent crimes. The effect was specific to violence and was not observed for nonviolent criminal offending.
To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that birth complications in combination with early child rejection predispose to violent crime. The findings illustrate the critical importance of integrating biological with social measures to fully understand how violence develops and also suggest that prenatal, perinatal, and early postnatal health care interventions could significantly reduce violence.
本研究检验了双社会互动假说，即出生并发症与母亲早期对婴儿的排斥相结合会使人成年后易发生暴力犯罪。
使用一组连续4269例活产男婴对该假说进行检验，收集了他们出生并发症（0岁时）、母亲早期排斥（1岁时）及暴力犯罪（18岁时）的数据。
出生并发症与母亲早期排斥之间存在显著交互作用（P <.0001），表明那些既患有出生并发症又遭母亲早期排斥的人成年后最有可能成为暴力犯罪者。虽然只有4.5%的受试者具备这两种风险因素，但这一小群体却占了所有暴力犯罪的18%。该效应仅限于暴力犯罪，在非暴力犯罪中未观察到。
据我们所知，这是第一项表明出生并发症与母亲早期排斥相结合会使人易发生暴力犯罪的研究。研究结果表明，整合生物学和社会测量方法对于全面理解暴力行为的发生发展至关重要，同时也表明产前、围产期及产后早期的医疗保健干预措施可显著减少暴力行为。
