Dyer R G
Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Jul;8(3):661-88. doi: 10.1016/s0950-351x(05)80290-3.
Obesity is the most important nutritional disorder in the developed world, since up to 10% of the population are obese. The place of physical activity and diet in the aetiology of obesity is discussed. The traditional treatment of obesity includes change in lifestyle, nutritional education and modification and increase in exercise. These changes are important for long-term success. There are a number of other treatment options including anorectic drugs, the use of very low calorie diets and surgical techniques which may have some clinical role. For the extremely obese patient with established complications surgery may be the most appropriate intervention and may be life-saving. Most studies of traditional treatment have demonstrated limited success. The prevention of obesity is therefore of great importance. Large-scale studies have shown that it is possible to modify behaviour and cardiovascular risk factors. The prevention of obesity requires a coordinated approach with targeting of children and their carers. Governmental involvement and legislation is essential. The future holds the promise of more imaginative and coordinated therapies for obesity using the skills of physicians, nutritionists, exercise physiologists and psychologists. Different forms of treatment may be appropriate for different groups of obese patients.
肥胖是发达国家最为重要的营养失调问题，因为高达10%的人口都患有肥胖症。本文讨论了体育活动和饮食在肥胖病因学中的作用。肥胖的传统治疗方法包括生活方式改变、营养教育与调整以及增加运动量。这些改变对于长期成功治疗至关重要。还有许多其他治疗选择，包括食欲抑制剂、极低热量饮食的使用以及可能具有一定临床作用的手术技术。对于患有既定并发症的极度肥胖患者，手术可能是最合适的干预措施，甚至可能挽救生命。大多数传统治疗研究显示成效有限。因此，预防肥胖至关重要。大规模研究表明，改变行为和心血管危险因素是可行的。预防肥胖需要采取协调一致的方法，针对儿童及其照料者。政府的参与和立法必不可少。未来有望利用医生、营养学家、运动生理学家和心理学家的技能，采用更具创新性和协调性的肥胖治疗方法。不同形式的治疗可能适用于不同群体的肥胖患者。
