Gannon P J, Eden A R, Laitman J T
Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994 Dec;120(12):1382-9. doi: 10.1001/archotol.1994.01880360076014.
To evaluate a dual role for the tensor veli palatini muscle in tubal and palatal function.
The eustachian tube region of guinea pigs and macaques was fixed and processed for analysis by serial section histologic examination, micro-dissection, or both. The attachment, fiber direction, and regional relations of potentially discrete functional compartments in eustachian tube muscles were noted.
The tensor veli palatini muscle in macaques has two anatomic sub-bellies. One appears to be a tubal dilator, the other to make the tube rigid along its longitudinal axis. No other muscle is directly associated with the eustachian tube in macaques. The tensor veli palatini muscle in guinea pigs has one gross belly that may affect palatal tensing and tubal dilation, rigidification, and stabilization. Other muscles of the eustachian tube in guinea pigs are a medial sub-belly of the medial pterygoid muscle, not previously described, and the levator veli palatini muscle.
The muscular elements underlying tubal-palatal function in guinea pigs are more distinct and spatially separated than in macaques or humans. These differences may explain the confusion about the role of accessory muscles in tubal function. Muscular compartments of the eustachian tube complex in guinea pigs are easily accessible, which facilitates a more discrete and confident placement of electromyography electrodes. The guinea pig may be a useful model to better understand the interaction of multilevel compartmentalized physiologic sequences that underlie coordination of swallowing, breathing, and middle ear aeration.
评估腭帆张肌在咽鼓管和腭部功能中的双重作用。
对豚鼠和猕猴的咽鼓管区域进行固定，并通过连续切片组织学检查、显微解剖或两者结合进行分析。记录咽鼓管肌肉中潜在离散功能区的附着、纤维方向和区域关系。
猕猴的腭帆张肌有两个解剖亚腹。一个似乎是咽鼓管扩张肌，另一个则使咽鼓管沿其纵轴变硬。在猕猴中没有其他肌肉与咽鼓管直接相关。豚鼠的腭帆张肌有一个大体腹，可能影响腭部紧张以及咽鼓管扩张、变硬和稳定。豚鼠咽鼓管的其他肌肉是翼内肌的内侧亚腹（此前未描述过）和腭帆提肌。
豚鼠咽鼓管 - 腭部功能的肌肉成分比猕猴或人类的更明显且在空间上更分离。这些差异可能解释了关于附属肌肉在咽鼓管功能中作用的困惑。豚鼠咽鼓管复合体的肌肉区易于触及，这便于更精确且可靠地放置肌电图电极。豚鼠可能是一个有用的模型，有助于更好地理解吞咽、呼吸和中耳通气协调背后的多级分区生理序列的相互作用。
