Monto A S
University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor.
Geriatrics. 1994 Dec;49(12):30-4.
Risk of influenza mortality is high among older Americans and especially so among those residing in nursing homes. Current recommendations call for annual vaccination of all nursing home residents and staff against type A influenza, but outbreaks can and do occur even in homes with high vaccination rates. If an outbreak occurs, all residents--whether ill or not--should receive an antiviral drug, and prophylaxis should be initiated regardless of residents' vaccination status. The antiviral agents rimantadine and amantadine are both effective for prophylaxis and treatment of type A influenza, but rimantadine appears to cause fewer CNS side effects.
在美国老年人中，流感死亡风险很高，在养老院居住的老人中尤其如此。目前的建议要求为所有养老院居民和工作人员每年接种甲型流感疫苗，但即使在疫苗接种率高的养老院，疫情仍可能发生且确实会发生。如果发生疫情，所有居民——无论患病与否——都应接受抗病毒药物治疗，且无论居民的疫苗接种状况如何，都应开始进行预防。抗病毒药物金刚乙胺和金刚烷胺对甲型流感的预防和治疗均有效，但金刚乙胺似乎引起的中枢神经系统副作用较少。
