Zaccone G, Fasulo S, Ainis L
Department of Animal Biology and Marine Ecology, University of Messina, Faculty of Science, Italy.
Histochem J. 1994 Aug;26(8):609-29. doi: 10.1007/BF00158286.
The neuro-endocrine cells of fish skin and respiratory surfaces, and their bioactive secretion as far as is known, are reviewed, and compared with similar elements in tetrapods, particularly amphibians. In the skin of teleost fish, immunohistochemistry has shown that Merkel cells react for serotonin, neuron-specific enolase and enkephalins. The pharmacology is not established in dipnoans or lampreys. In some teleosts, neuromasts react for substance P and leu-enkephalins; substance P is also reported from some ampullary organs (electroreceptors). Taste buds of teleosts may react for enkephalin and substance P. Basal cells of taste buds react for serotonin and neuron-specific enolase. Some unicellular skin glands of teleosts express bioactive compounds, including serotonin and some peptides; this ectopic expression is paralleled in amphibian skin glands. The dipnoan Protopterus has innervated pulmonary neuro-endocrine cells in the pneumatic duct region with dense-cored vesicles. In Polypterus and Amia the lungs have serotonin-positive neuro-endocrine cells that are apparently not innervated. In fish gills, a closed type of neuro-endocrine cell reacts for serotonin, an open type for enkephalins and some calcium-binding proteins (calbindin, calmodulin and S-100 protein). The functions of neuro-endocrine cells in fishes await investigation, but it is assumed they are regulatory.
本文综述了鱼类皮肤和呼吸表面的神经内分泌细胞及其已知的生物活性分泌物，并与四足动物，特别是两栖动物的类似成分进行了比较。在硬骨鱼的皮肤中，免疫组织化学显示默克尔细胞对5-羟色胺、神经元特异性烯醇化酶和脑啡肽有反应。在肺鱼和七鳃鳗中，其药理学尚未明确。在一些硬骨鱼中，神经丘对P物质和亮氨酸脑啡肽有反应；一些壶腹器官（电感受器）中也有P物质的报道。硬骨鱼的味蕾可能对脑啡肽和P物质有反应。味蕾的基底细胞对5-羟色胺和神经元特异性烯醇化酶有反应。一些硬骨鱼的单细胞皮肤腺表达生物活性化合物，包括5-羟色胺和一些肽；这种异位表达在两栖动物的皮肤腺中也有类似情况。肺鱼原鳍鱼在鳔管区域有带致密核心小泡的肺神经内分泌细胞。在多鳍鱼和弓鳍鱼中，肺中有5-羟色胺阳性的神经内分泌细胞，这些细胞显然没有神经支配。在鱼鳃中，一种封闭型神经内分泌细胞对5-羟色胺有反应，开放型对脑啡肽和一些钙结合蛋白（钙结合蛋白、钙调蛋白和S-100蛋白）有反应。鱼类神经内分泌细胞的功能有待研究，但推测它们具有调节作用。
