Calkins S D
Institute for Child Study, University of Maryland, College Park 20742.
Monogr Soc Res Child Dev. 1994;59(2-3):53-72.
Recent discussions of emotion regulation in infants and young children have focused on the individual differences that exist in this domain of development. Such differences may be seen at the outcome level, in terms of variations in the development of particular strategies as a result of infant or caregiver effects. In this essay, a general hypothetical pathway to emotion regulation and dysregulation comprising interactions among a number of internal and external factors thought to impinge on the emotion regulation process has been proposed. Relations among these factors were hypothesized, and examples of pathways to particular types of social behavior in a peer setting were advanced. It is suggested that empirical confirmation of these pathways would enhance our understanding of adaptive regulatory behavioral patterns as well as patterns that may be dysregulating and potentially place the child at risk for the development of psychopathological disorders. To be successful, such studies must include consideration of the reciprocal interaction between the infant's behavioral and cognitive traits and the caregiving environment over extended periods of early development.
近期关于婴幼儿情绪调节的讨论聚焦于该发展领域中存在的个体差异。这种差异可能在结果层面显现，表现为由于婴儿或照料者的影响，特定策略发展过程中的变化。在本文中，提出了一个情绪调节和调节障碍的一般假设路径，该路径包含许多被认为会影响情绪调节过程的内部和外部因素之间的相互作用。对这些因素之间的关系进行了假设，并给出了在同伴环境中特定类型社会行为路径的示例。有人认为，对这些路径的实证验证将增进我们对适应性调节行为模式以及可能失调并使儿童有患精神病理障碍风险的模式的理解。要取得成功，此类研究必须考虑婴儿的行为和认知特征与早期发育长期照料环境之间的相互作用。
