Feifel D, Vaccarino F J
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1994 Fall;18(3):421-33. doi: 10.1016/0149-7634(94)90055-8.
The present paper provides an overview of findings that implicate growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SS), the two peptides that regulate growth hormone secretion, in the central regulation of feeding. Evidence is presented that GHRH and SS increase food intake, in the rat, via a common centrally mediated mechanism involving the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Food intake is increased by increasing motivation to eat as evidenced by facilitation of operant behavior. Macronutrient-choice studies indicate that GHRH (and possibly SS) selectively facilitate protein consumption. Time of day is also important, with evidence that endogenous GHRH and SS-induced feeding is most strong in the early nocturnal period. GHRH and SS, together with other nutrient-specific signals, such as neuropeptide Y, noradrenaline and galanin, may determine the circadian expression of food intake in animals. Other behavioral and physiological effects of these peptides, both central and peripheral, are reviewed in the context of a possible mechanism by which these peptides integrate diverse, but complimentary, central and peripheral functions related to nutrition, metabolism and growth.
本文概述了一些研究结果，这些结果表明调节生长激素分泌的两种肽——生长激素释放激素（GHRH）和生长抑素（SS）参与了进食的中枢调节。有证据表明，在大鼠中，GHRH和SS通过一种涉及视交叉上核的共同中枢介导机制增加食物摄入量。食物摄入量的增加是通过增加进食动机来实现的，这一点从操作性行为的促进中得到了证明。宏量营养素选择研究表明，GHRH（可能还有SS）选择性地促进蛋白质的消耗。一天中的时间也很重要，有证据表明内源性GHRH和SS诱导的进食在夜间早期最为强烈。GHRH和SS与其他特定营养素信号，如神经肽Y、去甲肾上腺素和甘丙肽一起，可能决定动物进食的昼夜节律表达。本文还在这些肽整合与营养、代谢和生长相关的各种但互补的中枢和外周功能的可能机制的背景下，综述了这些肽的其他行为和生理效应，包括中枢和外周的效应。
