Even P C, Mokhtarian A, Pele A
Laboratoire de Neurobiologie des Régulations, C.N.R.S. URA 637, Collège de France, Paris.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1994 Fall;18(3):435-47. doi: 10.1016/0149-7634(94)90056-6.
Oxidation of the energetic substrates by the body is associated with oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and heat release specific to the nature of the energetic substrates being oxidized. Therefore, measurement of respiratory exchanges (indirect calorimetry) is a powerful method to investigate heat production of a living organism. In this article, we review the elementary principles of indirect calorimetry and describe the operating principle of the two most typical devices used to perform indirect measurements of energy expenditure in the laboratory animal: the closed-circuit and the open-circuit. We then discuss some practical aspects of the day-to-day use of these devices: respective advantages and limitations of each technique, data processing, calibration, correction for body-size, and computation of the energy expended for activity. In the second part, we review some of the standard formulas of indirect calorimetry that offer the possibility to obtain more precise information such as the rate of oxidation of carbohydrates (CHO), lipids and proteins if some hypotheses are made on the intensity of lipogenic, ketogenic, and gluconeogenic processes. Finally, a practical example of the measurement of energetic cost of activity and thermic effect of food in the rat is given.
机体对高能底物的氧化与氧气消耗、二氧化碳产生以及特定于被氧化高能底物性质的热量释放相关。因此，测量呼吸交换（间接测热法）是研究生物体产热的有力方法。在本文中，我们回顾间接测热法的基本原理，并描述用于在实验动物中进行能量消耗间接测量的两种最典型设备的工作原理：闭路式和开路式。然后，我们讨论这些设备日常使用的一些实际方面：每种技术各自的优缺点、数据处理、校准、体型校正以及活动所消耗能量的计算。在第二部分，我们回顾一些间接测热法的标准公式，如果对生脂、生酮和糖异生过程的强度做出一些假设，这些公式有可能获得更精确的信息，例如碳水化合物（CHO）、脂质和蛋白质的氧化速率。最后，给出了测量大鼠活动能量消耗和食物热效应的一个实际例子。
