Jarvis W R, Bolyard E A, Bozzi C J, Burwen D R, Dooley S W, Martin L S, Mullan R J, Simone P M
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Ann Intern Med. 1995 Jan 15;122(2):142-6. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-122-2-199501150-00011.
Recent nosocomial outbreaks of tuberculosis have increased concern about the occupational acquisition of tuberculosis by health care workers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, have issued recommendations and regulations in an effort to decrease health care workers' risk for exposure to patients with infectious tuberculosis. Within the CDC, the National Center for Infectious Diseases, the National Center for Prevention Services, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health collaborated to produce the 1994 Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Tuberculosis in Health-Care Facilities. As stated in the Draft Guidelines, the major components of health care worker protection from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection include administration or source controls, engineering controls, and respiratory protective devices. We review the evolution of the seemingly conflicting recommendations for respiratory protective devices made by these Centers of the CDC and explain how the recommendations in the current CDC Guidelines were reached.
近期医院内结核病的爆发增加了人们对医护人员职业性感染结核病的担忧。美国卫生与公众服务部疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）以及美国劳工部职业安全与健康管理局已发布建议和规定，以降低医护人员接触传染性结核病患者的风险。在CDC内部，国家传染病中心、国家预防服务中心和国家职业安全与健康研究所合作制定了1994年《医疗机构预防结核病传播指南》。正如《指南草案》中所述，保护医护人员免受结核分枝杆菌感染的主要措施包括行政管理或源头控制、工程控制以及呼吸防护设备。我们回顾了CDC这些中心针对呼吸防护设备提出的看似相互矛盾的建议的演变过程，并解释了当前CDC《指南》中的建议是如何得出的。
