Hatch D J
Anaesth Resusc Intensive Ther. 1976 Oct-Dec;4(4):265-8.
Following a discussion on the most frequent causes of respiratory failure in children and the principles of its treatment the author presents methods of preventing the complications of prolonged endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy performed on special indications. Particular attention has been paid to careful nursing and adequate humidification of respiratory gases. Moreover the avoiding of tightly-fitting endotracheal tubes and the method of their fixation -- as established at the author's hospital -- are of basic importance for the maintenance of uncomplicated intubation for even several weeks. In the treatment of respiratory failure the use of CPAP and PEEP is helpful. An exact knowledge of the mechanics of respiration in children and its correct evaluation are of greater significance when using various methods of controlled respiration than a selection of a respirator model.
在讨论了儿童呼吸衰竭的最常见原因及其治疗原则后，作者介绍了针对特殊适应症进行的长期气管插管和气管切开术并发症的预防方法。特别关注了精心护理和对呼吸气体进行充分湿化。此外，避免使用紧贴合的气管插管及其固定方法——这是作者所在医院确定的——对于维持数周的无并发症插管至关重要。在呼吸衰竭的治疗中，使用持续气道正压通气（CPAP）和呼气末正压通气（PEEP）是有帮助的。与选择呼吸机型号相比，在使用各种控制呼吸方法时，准确了解儿童呼吸力学及其正确评估具有更重要的意义。
