Devalia J L, Rusznak C, Herdman M J, Trigg C J, Tarraf H, Davies R J
Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.
Lancet. 1994 Dec 17;344(8938):1668-71. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90458-8.
Air pollution may enhance the airway response of asthmatic subjects to allergen inhalation. To test the hypothesis that sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide alone or in combination could have a contributory role, we have studied the effect of 6 h exposure to air, 200 parts per billion (ppb) sulphur dioxide, 400 ppb nitrogen dioxide, and the two gases together on the airway response to inhaled allergen in ten volunteers with mild atopic asthma. The subjects were exposed to the gases in random order at weekly visits, then challenged with pre-determined concentrations of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen 10 min after each exposure. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and cumulative breath units (CBU) of D pteronyssinus allergen required to produce a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20FEV1) were measured after each exposure. Compared with air, neither sulphur dioxide nor nitrogen dioxide nor the combination significantly altered FEV1 or FVC. Although the decreases in PD20FEV1 after exposure to each agent alone were not significant (41.2%, p = 0.125 after nitrogen dioxide; 32.2%, p = 0.506 after sulphur dioxide) the decrease after exposure to the combination was significant (60.5 [SE 8.1]%, p = 0.015). Exposure to a combination of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in concentrations that could be encountered in heavy traffic enhances the airway response to inhaled allergen, possibly as a result of previous airway inflammation.
空气污染可能会增强哮喘患者气道对吸入变应原的反应。为了验证二氧化硫和二氧化氮单独或联合作用可能起作用这一假设，我们研究了10名轻度特应性哮喘志愿者暴露于空气、200十亿分比（ppb）二氧化硫、400 ppb二氧化氮以及两种气体联合环境6小时后，其气道对吸入变应原的反应。受试者每周随机按顺序暴露于这些气体中，每次暴露10分钟后，用预先确定浓度的屋尘螨变应原进行激发试验。每次暴露后测量一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）以及使FEV1下降20%所需的屋尘螨变应原累积呼吸单位（CBU）（PD20FEV1）。与空气相比，二氧化硫、二氧化氮及其联合暴露均未显著改变FEV1或FVC。尽管单独暴露于每种气体后PD20FEV1的下降并不显著（二氧化氮后下降41.2%，p = 0.125；二氧化硫后下降32.2%，p = 0.506），但联合暴露后下降显著（60.5 [标准误8.1]%，p = 0.015）。暴露于交通繁忙时可能遇到的浓度的二氧化硫和二氧化氮联合环境中，会增强气道对吸入变应原的反应，这可能是先前气道炎症所致。
