Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Lancet. 2014 May 3;383(9928):1581-92. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60617-6.
Traffic and power generation are the main sources of urban air pollution. The idea that outdoor air pollution can cause exacerbations of pre-existing asthma is supported by an evidence base that has been accumulating for several decades, with several studies suggesting a contribution to new-onset asthma as well. In this Series paper, we discuss the effects of particulate matter (PM), gaseous pollutants (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide), and mixed traffic-related air pollution. We focus on clinical studies, both epidemiological and experimental, published in the previous 5 years. From a mechanistic perspective, air pollutants probably cause oxidative injury to the airways, leading to inflammation, remodelling, and increased risk of sensitisation. Although several pollutants have been linked to new-onset asthma, the strength of the evidence is variable. We also discuss clinical implications, policy issues, and research gaps relevant to air pollution and asthma.
交通和发电是城市空气污染的主要来源。户外空气污染会导致已有的哮喘恶化的观点得到了几十年积累的证据的支持，一些研究表明户外空气污染也会导致新的哮喘发作。在本系列论文中，我们讨论了颗粒物（PM）、气态污染物（臭氧、二氧化氮和二氧化硫）和混合交通相关的空气污染的影响。我们重点讨论了过去 5 年发表的流行病学和实验性临床研究。从机制的角度来看，空气污染物可能会对气道造成氧化损伤，导致炎症、重塑和致敏风险增加。尽管有几种污染物与新的哮喘发作有关，但证据的强度各不相同。我们还讨论了与空气污染和哮喘相关的临床意义、政策问题和研究空白。
