Svennerholm L
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Göteborg, Mölndal Hospital, Sweden.
Life Sci. 1994;55(25-26):2125-34. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00393-9.
Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids localized to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of vertebrate cells. The highest ganglioside concentration of any organ is found in the mammalian brain, where the gangliosides are enriched in the neuronal membrane, particularly in the synapses. There are four major brain gangliosides with the same neutral tetrasaccharide core to which one to three sialic acids are linked--the simplest being the GM1-ganglioside. These gangliosides have been shown to have neuritogenic and neuronotrophic activity and to facilitate repair of neuronal tissue after mechanical, biochemical or toxic injuries. Mixtures of native bovine brain gangliosides were adopted for pharmacological use in the treatment of peripheral nerve damage, and GM1-ganglioside has been applied for the treatment of CNS injuries and diseases. Beneficial effects of GM1 have been documented in the treatment of stroke and spinal cord injuries, particularly when the treatment has been initiated within a few hours of the acute event. Continuous intraventricular infusion of GM1 has recently been shown to have a significant beneficial effect in Alzheimer disease of early onset (AD Type I).
神经节苷脂是定位于脊椎动物细胞质膜外小叶的糖鞘脂。在任何器官中，神经节苷脂浓度最高的是哺乳动物的大脑，其中神经节苷脂在神经元膜中富集，尤其是在突触处。有四种主要的脑内神经节苷脂，它们具有相同的中性四糖核心，与一到三个唾液酸相连，其中最简单的是GM1神经节苷脂。这些神经节苷脂已被证明具有促神经突生长和神经营养活性，并有助于在机械、生化或毒性损伤后修复神经元组织。天然牛脑苷脂混合物被用于治疗周围神经损伤的药理学用途，GM1神经节苷脂已被用于治疗中枢神经系统损伤和疾病。GM1在中风和脊髓损伤的治疗中已被证明具有有益作用，特别是在急性事件发生后的几小时内开始治疗时。最近的研究表明，持续脑室内注入GM1对早发性阿尔茨海默病（I型AD）有显著的有益作用。
