Aureli Massimo, Mauri Laura, Ciampa Maria Grazia, Prinetti Alessandro, Toffano Gino, Secchieri Cynthia, Sonnino Sandro
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
FIDIA Farmaceutici, Abano Terme, Padua, Italy.
Mol Neurobiol. 2016 Apr;53(3):1824-1842. doi: 10.1007/s12035-015-9136-z. Epub 2015 Mar 12.
Gangliosides (sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids) are abundant in neurons of all animal species and play important roles in many cell physiological processes, including differentiation, memory control, cell signaling, neuronal protection, neuronal recovery, and apoptosis. Gangliosides also function as anchors or entry points for various toxins, bacteria, viruses, and autoantibodies. GM1, a ganglioside component of mammalian brains, is present mainly in neurons. GM1 is one of the best studied gangliosides, and our understanding of its properties is extensive. Simple and rapid procedures are available for preparation of GM1 as a natural compound on a large scale, or as a derivative containing an isotopic radionuclide or a specific probe. Great research interest in the properties of GM1 arose from the discovery in the early 1970s of its role as receptor for the bacterial toxin responsible for cholera pathogenesis.
神经节苷脂（含唾液酸的糖鞘脂）在所有动物物种的神经元中含量丰富，在许多细胞生理过程中发挥重要作用，包括分化、记忆控制、细胞信号传导、神经保护、神经恢复和细胞凋亡。神经节苷脂还作为各种毒素、细菌、病毒和自身抗体的锚定物或进入点发挥作用。GM1是哺乳动物大脑中的一种神经节苷脂成分，主要存在于神经元中。GM1是研究最为深入的神经节苷脂之一，我们对其性质的了解也很广泛。有简单快速的方法可用于大规模制备天然化合物GM1，或制备含有同位素放射性核素或特定探针的衍生物。20世纪70年代初发现GM1作为霍乱发病机制中负责的细菌毒素的受体，这引发了人们对其性质的极大研究兴趣。
