Kelly J A, Murphy D A, Washington C D, Wilson T S, Koob J J, Davis D R, Ledezma G, Davantes B
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
Am J Public Health. 1994 Dec;84(12):1918-22. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.12.1918.
This study reports the results of a behavior change intervention offered to women at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection seen in an urban primary health care clinic.
Participants were 197 women randomly assigned to either an HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk reduction group or a comparison group. Women in the HIV/AIDS intervention group attended five group sessions focusing on risk education; skills training in condom use, sexual assertiveness, problem solving, and risk trigger self-management; and peer support for change efforts. Women in the comparison group attended sessions on health topics unrelated to AIDS.
At the 3-month follow-up, women in the HIV/AIDS intervention group had increased in sexual communication and negotiation skills. Unprotected sexual intercourse had declined significantly and condom use had increased from 26% to 56% of all intercourse occasions. Women in the comparison group showed no change.
Socially disadvantaged women can be assisted in reducing their risk of contracting HIV infection. Risk reduction behavior change interventions should be offered routinely in primary health care clinics serving low-income and high-risk patients.
本研究报告了在城市初级卫生保健诊所中，为感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）高风险女性提供行为改变干预的结果。
参与者为197名女性，她们被随机分配到HIV/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）风险降低组或对照组。HIV/AIDS干预组的女性参加了五次小组会议，重点是风险教育；避孕套使用、性自信、问题解决和风险触发自我管理方面的技能培训；以及对改变努力的同伴支持。对照组的女性参加了与艾滋病无关的健康主题会议。
在3个月的随访中，HIV/AIDS干预组的女性在性沟通和谈判技巧方面有所提高。无保护性行为显著减少，避孕套使用在所有性交场合中的比例从26%增加到了56%。对照组的女性没有变化。
社会弱势女性可以得到帮助以降低感染HIV的风险。在为低收入和高风险患者服务的初级卫生保健诊所中，应常规提供风险降低行为改变干预措施。
